Title: LSAT (Demo) / Logical Reasoning
Tags: demo logical-reasoning lsat

Question: Every bridge in the city passed last year's safety inspection, so every bridge is safe. The argument depends on assuming which of the following?
Explanation: "Safe" follows from "passed" only if passing the inspection actually means a bridge is safe.
Other fields (not shown on cards):
Choices: The inspection was conducted by the city.
A bridge that passes the inspection is in fact safe.
Some of the bridges were built recently.
Safety inspections are required by law.
Correct: B

Question: Most successful entrepreneurs wake up early. So if you wake up early, you will become a successful entrepreneur. The reasoning is flawed because it:
Explanation: A trait shared by successes isn't sufficient to produce success; the argument mistakes it for a guarantee.
Other fields (not shown on cards):
Choices: relies on a biased sample
treats a trait common among successful people as enough to guarantee success
appeals to an authority
argues in a circle
Correct: B

Question: Town A added bike lanes and accidents fell 20%. Therefore the bike lanes reduced accidents. Which, if true, most WEAKENS the argument?
Explanation: An alternative cause (the speed-limit change) could explain the drop, undermining the bike-lane claim.
Other fields (not shown on cards):
Choices: The bike lanes were expensive to build.
That same month, the town also lowered the citywide speed limit.
Many residents enjoy the new bike lanes.
Accident reports are now filed online.
Correct: B

Question: A plant grew taller after a new fertilizer was applied, so the fertilizer caused the growth. Which, if true, most STRENGTHENS the argument?
Explanation: A control plant without the fertilizer not growing supports that the fertilizer made the difference.
Other fields (not shown on cards):
Choices: The fertilizer was expensive.
An identical plant given no fertilizer did not grow taller.
The gardener prefers this fertilizer.
The plant was watered daily.
Correct: B

Question: All cats in the shelter are vaccinated. Whiskers is a cat in the shelter. Which must be true?
Explanation: Whiskers belongs to a group all of whose members are vaccinated.
Other fields (not shown on cards):
Choices: Whiskers is vaccinated.
Whiskers will be adopted.
All vaccinated cats are in the shelter.
Some cats are not vaccinated.
Correct: A

Question: If it rains, the game is canceled. The game was not canceled. Which follows?
Explanation: Denying the result (not canceled) lets you deny the condition (it did not rain) — modus tollens.
Other fields (not shown on cards):
Choices: It rained.
It did not rain.
The game will be rescheduled.
It might have rained.
Correct: B

Question: "We should reject Dr. Lee's theory because she was once fined for a parking violation." This reasoning is flawed because it:
Explanation: An irrelevant personal attack (ad hominem) does nothing to refute the theory itself.
Other fields (not shown on cards):
Choices: attacks the person rather than addressing the theory
relies on a small sample
assumes what it sets out to prove
confuses correlation with causation
Correct: A

Question: No reptiles are mammals. All snakes are reptiles. Which must be true?
Explanation: Snakes fall entirely within reptiles, which are entirely outside mammals.
Other fields (not shown on cards):
Choices: Some snakes are mammals.
No snakes are mammals.
All reptiles are snakes.
Some mammals are reptiles.
Correct: B

Question: Passing the bar exam is required to practice law. Maria practices law. Which must be true?
Explanation: Practicing law requires passing the bar, so anyone who practices must have passed.
Other fields (not shown on cards):
Choices: Maria passed the bar exam.
Maria enjoys practicing law.
Anyone who passes the bar practices law.
Maria attended law school recently.
Correct: A

Question: Two students who skipped class last week failed the quiz. Therefore, skipping class causes students to fail. The argument is most vulnerable because it:
Explanation: Two cases are far too few to support a general causal claim.
Other fields (not shown on cards):
Choices: draws a broad causal conclusion from very few cases
relies on an expert opinion
uses an ambiguous term
contradicts itself
Correct: A